On Grid Solar Inverter, also known as grid-connected inverter, is a key device that converts the DC power generated by solar photovoltaic systems into AC power and directly transmits it to the power grid. Its working principle is as follows:
- Photovoltaic power generation: Solar panels convert sunlight into DC power through the photovoltaic effect. Different types of solar panels (such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and thin-film solar cells) vary in efficiency and cost, but their basic working principles are similar.
- DC power conversion: The DC power generated by the photovoltaic system is first initially regulated by an energy optimizer (if used). The role of the energy optimizer is to maximize the power generation efficiency of each photovoltaic module, thereby increasing the output of the entire system.
- Inverter conversion: The optimized DC power is fed into the grid-connected inverter. The inverter converts DC power into AC power that meets the grid standards through internal electronic circuits and control systems. This conversion process needs to consider multiple factors such as voltage, current and frequency to ensure that the output power can be seamlessly connected to the grid.
- Grid connection process: The converted AC power is fed into the public grid through the grid connection interface. In this process, the grid-connected inverter needs to synchronize the frequency and voltage of the grid to ensure the quality and stability of the output power. In addition, the inverter also has an anti-islanding effect function, which will automatically stop supplying power to the grid when the grid is out of power to protect the safety of maintenance personnel.
- Monitoring and management: Modern grid-connected inverters are usually equipped with intelligent monitoring systems that can monitor the operating status of the photovoltaic system in real time, including power generation, conversion efficiency, fault alarms, etc. These data not only help users understand the working status of the system, but also can optimize and maintain the system through a remote management platform.
Function
- Energy conversion: The core function of On Grid Solar Inverter is to convert the DC power generated by photovoltaic modules into AC power so that it meets the standards of the power grid and can be directly connected to the power grid for use.
- Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): The inverter has a built-in MPPT function that can track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules in real time to ensure that the photovoltaic system always generates electricity at the highest efficiency under different lighting conditions.
- Grid-connected synchronization: The inverter has the function of synchronizing with the power grid, which can accurately match the voltage and frequency of the power grid to ensure that the output AC power can be seamlessly connected to the power grid.
- Anti-islanding effect: When the power grid is outage, the inverter will automatically stop supplying power to the grid to prevent the islanding effect and ensure the safety of power grid maintenance personnel.
- Real-time monitoring and data recording: Many modern grid-connected inverters are equipped with intelligent monitoring systems that can monitor the operating status of the system in real time, record data such as power generation, efficiency, and faults, and remotely monitor and manage through the Internet.
Advantages
- Efficient energy utilization: On Grid Solar Inverter uses maximum power point tracking technology and efficient power conversion to ensure that the photovoltaic system can generate electricity at the best efficiency under various conditions, thereby maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources.
- Economic benefits: The grid-connected system can transmit excess electricity to the grid, and users can obtain electricity compensation through net metering, thereby reducing electricity expenses and achieving economic benefits.
- Environmentally friendly: By directly integrating renewable energy into the grid, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which is of great significance to environmental protection.
- Convenient installation and maintenance: Modern grid-connected inverters are simple in design, easy to install, and have good durability and stability, with low maintenance requirements, thus reducing the cost of use.
- Intelligent management: Through the built-in monitoring system, users can understand the operating status of the photovoltaic system at any time, and optimize and troubleshoot the system through the remote management platform, which improves the reliability of the system and user experience.
- Grid stability: The grid-connected inverter achieves seamless connection with the grid through an intelligent control system, which not only improves the power generation quality of the photovoltaic system, but also enhances the stability and security of the grid.
In summary, the On Grid Solar Inverter not only realizes efficient power conversion and intelligent management in terms of function, but also has significant advantages in economic benefits, environmental protection and system stability, making it an indispensable and important part of the photovoltaic power generation system.
On Grid Solar Inverter can be divided into the following main types according to different designs and application scenarios:
Single-phase grid-connected inverter:
- Application scenario: mainly used for small residential and small commercial photovoltaic systems.
- Features: suitable for single-phase power grid, usually with a small power range (hundreds of watts to several kilowatts), simple installation, low cost, suitable for home users.
Three-phase grid-connected inverter:
- Application scenario: suitable for medium and large commercial photovoltaic systems and industrial photovoltaic systems.
- Features: suitable for three-phase power grid, with a wide power range (several kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts), able to handle larger power loads, suitable for large buildings and factories.
Micro inverter:
- Application scenario: used for distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, each photovoltaic module or a small group of modules is equipped with a micro inverter.
- Features: installed on the back of the photovoltaic module, directly converting DC power into AC power and connecting it to the grid. It has high system flexibility and reliability, and each module operates independently to avoid single point failure.
String inverter:
- Application scenario: commonly used in small and medium-sized photovoltaic power generation systems, including residential and commercial systems.
- Features: Convert the DC input formed by multiple photovoltaic modules in series into AC. The system has low cost and high efficiency, but it is easily affected by the performance of a single module.
Centralized inverter:
- Application scenario: Applicable to large-scale photovoltaic power stations and industrial photovoltaic systems.
- Features: Convert the DC power generated by a large number of photovoltaic modules into AC after centralized input, with a wide power range (tens of kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts or even higher). Suitable for large-scale applications, but the impact of single-point failure is large.
Energy storage grid-connected inverter:
- Application scenario: Applicable to photovoltaic power generation systems that require energy storage functions, such as off-grid and grid-connected hybrid systems.
- Features: In addition to integrating photovoltaic power into the grid, it can also store excess power in batteries to provide backup power when the grid is out of power, thereby improving the self-sufficiency and reliability of the system.
Bidirectional grid-connected inverter:
- Application scenario: Applicable to photovoltaic power generation systems that require grid interaction functions.
- Features: It can realize the bidirectional flow of electric energy, not only can photovoltaic power be integrated into the grid, but also can be taken from the grid to meet the power demand in different time periods and improve the flexibility of the system.
As the core component of photovoltaic power generation system, On Grid Solar Inverter is widely used in many fields. Its main applications include:
Residential photovoltaic system:
- Application scenario: home users such as independent houses, townhouses and apartments.
- Advantages: Through photovoltaic modules installed on roofs or courtyards, residential photovoltaic systems can provide clean energy for families and reduce electricity bills. Grid-connected inverters connect excess electricity to the grid, and users can obtain electricity bill compensation through net metering.
Commercial building photovoltaic system:
- Application scenario: office buildings, shopping malls, hotels and other commercial buildings.
- Advantages: Using spaces such as building roofs, exterior walls or parking lots to install photovoltaic systems to provide power supply for commercial buildings, reduce operating costs, and sell excess electricity to the grid through grid connection to create additional income.
Industrial photovoltaic system:
- Application scenario: factories, warehouses and other industrial facilities.
- Advantages: Industrial photovoltaic systems can significantly reduce the electricity costs of factories and reduce dependence on traditional energy. Grid-connected inverters help factories achieve green production and increase revenue by selling excess electricity.
Large-scale photovoltaic power stations:
- Application scenarios: ground photovoltaic power stations, large-scale agricultural photovoltaic projects and water photovoltaic power stations.
- Advantages: Large-scale photovoltaic power stations use vast land or water surfaces to install a large number of photovoltaic modules, centralized power generation and integrate into the power grid, provide a large amount of clean electricity for the power grid, and help achieve energy structure transformation and environmental protection goals.
Public facility photovoltaic systems:
- Application scenarios: schools, hospitals, government buildings and other public facilities.
- Advantages: Public facility photovoltaic systems can not only reduce the electricity bills of public institutions, but also demonstrate and promote the application of clean energy, and enhance the public’s environmental awareness and social responsibility.
Agricultural photovoltaic applications:
- Application scenarios: agricultural greenhouses, farms and farmland photovoltaic systems.
- Advantages: Agricultural photovoltaic systems combine agricultural production with photovoltaic power generation. Through photovoltaic modules installed on farmland, farms or greenhouses, they achieve a win-win situation for agriculture and energy production, improve agricultural production efficiency, and promote the optimization of rural energy structure.
Smart microgrids:
- Application scenarios: smart communities, campus microgrids and remote off-grid communities.
- Advantages: Smart microgrids achieve efficient management and optimal utilization of energy by integrating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage systems and intelligent control technologies. Grid-connected inverters play a key role in ensuring the stability and reliability of power supply.
Photovoltaic systems for transportation facilities:
- Application scenarios: highway service areas, railway platforms, airports and ports.
- Advantages: The application of photovoltaic systems in transportation facilities can provide them with renewable energy, reduce operating costs, and integrate excess electricity into the grid through grid-connected inverters to support the green energy supply of the grid.
In summary, On Grid Solar Inverter has a wide range of applications in residential, commercial, industrial, public facilities, agriculture and transportation. By efficiently converting photovoltaic power and integrating it into the grid, it not only improves the efficiency and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation systems, but also makes important contributions to promoting the development of green energy and environmental protection.
On Grid Solar Inverter, or grid-connected inverter, plays a vital role in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Its main role and importance are reflected in the following aspects:
Energy conversion and grid connection:
- Core function: The grid-connected inverter converts the direct current (DC) generated by the photovoltaic module into alternating current (AC) that meets the grid standards, so that it can be connected to the public grid. This conversion process is an important link for the photovoltaic system to operate normally and supply power.
- Importance: Without the grid-connected inverter, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system cannot be directly used or transmitted to the grid, and the efficiency and stability of power conversion cannot be guaranteed.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT):
- Core function: The inverter uses MPPT technology to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module in real time to ensure that the system can operate at the best efficiency under various lighting conditions.
- Importance: The MPPT function can maximize the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system, make full use of solar energy resources, and increase the overall power generation and economic benefits of the system.
Grid stability and security guarantee:
- Core function: The grid-connected inverter has an anti-islanding effect function, which automatically stops supplying power to the grid when the grid is out of power, protecting the safety of the grid and maintenance personnel. In addition, the inverter is able to synchronize with the grid to keep the voltage and frequency of the grid stable.
- Importance: These functions ensure the safe interaction between the photovoltaic system and the grid, prevent grid instability and safety hazards, and ensure the reliable operation of the power system.
Energy management and monitoring:
- Core function: Modern grid-connected inverters are usually equipped with intelligent monitoring systems to monitor the operating status of the photovoltaic system in real time, including data such as power generation, conversion efficiency, fault alarms, etc., and realize remote management through the Internet.
- Importance: These monitoring and management functions help users optimize the performance of the photovoltaic system, discover and solve problems in time, and improve the reliability and service life of the system.
Increase the proportion of green energy in the grid:
- Core function: By incorporating the clean electricity generated by the photovoltaic system into the public grid, the inverter plays a key role in increasing the proportion of green energy in the grid.
- Importance: This not only helps to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also promotes the development and application of renewable energy, which is of great significance to environmental protection and energy structure optimization.
Improved economic benefits:
- Core function: The grid-connected inverter can achieve net metering of the photovoltaic system, so that excess electricity can be sold to the grid, and users can obtain economic benefits through electricity fee compensation.
- Importance: This mechanism improves the economic attractiveness of photovoltaic systems, reduces the user’s investment payback period, and promotes the popularization and application of photovoltaic power generation systems.
Support the development of smart grids:
- Core functions: As part of the smart grid, the grid-connected inverter can work with other energy management systems to achieve efficient energy distribution and utilization.
- Importance: The development of smart grids depends on the efficient collaboration of various energy units, and the grid-connected inverter plays a key role in connection and regulation, promoting the intelligentization and modernization of energy systems.
In summary, the important role of On Grid Solar Inverter in the grid-connected photovoltaic system is not only reflected in the process of power conversion and grid connection, but also covers system efficiency optimization, safety assurance, energy management, economic benefit improvement, and support for the development of smart grids and green energy. Its functions and advantages make it an indispensable core component in the grid-connected photovoltaic system.
